Issues in Angioplasty and Bypass Surgery

Issues in Angioplasty and Bypass Surgery Bypassing Angioplasty When it comes to heart disease, surgical intervention is expensive, invasive, and largely ineffective. Studies show that traditional surgical interventions, such as angioplasty with stent placement and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) do not benefit stable patients. These treatments target stable plaques that is not in danger of rupturing to form a clot and ignore the dangerous, unstable plaque that doesnt show up in tests. For years, doctors thought that the main cause of heart attacks was the buildup of fatty plaque. They believe that over time the vessel would become so narrow that flow would be compromised, and eventually the vessels would close up or be clogged. Now we know that the facts are much different. Most of the large clots that create heart attacks occur in parts of the heart where the arteries are not severely narrowed. Instead, they occur in areas where the plaque is soft and has a thinner cap, sitting on an unstable, cholesterol-laden base. The propensity of plaque to rupture and create a complication or infarct depends on two other important criteria: the tensile stress (destabilizing pressure) on the fibrous cap, and the amount of inflammatory white blood cells that have infiltrated the lipid segment. The older, more stable plaques are larger and more likely to obstruct blood flow, leading to angina. Those are the plaques typically treated with angioplasty and stenting, yet they are not vulnerable plaques and not likely to initiate a clot that can cause an infarction. Now we know that a certain type of plaque and a certain type of biochemical event most often trigger a heart attack. These plaques are often not visible to conventional cardiac testing, such as stress tests and angiograms, because they do not obstruct blood flow, or impinge on the vessel lumen sufficiently to be visualized by such tests. Plaque can become stable with dietary excellence, and it can become unstable relatively quickly with dangerous eating. It is the more recently deposited, and more recently modified, plaque, resulting from eating dangerously, that can create vulnerable plaque and make semi-vulnerable plaque more vulnerable, precipitating a cardiac event. Angioplasty and bypass surgery do not address or fix the vulnerable plaque in a persons coronary circulation. These procedures address the least dangerous (old) plaque and therefore have no effect on reducing the risk of future cardiac events. However, eating carefully can immediately make plaque less vulnerable by reducing inflammatory cells, reducing soft plaque, and reducing tensile stress. Superior nutrition stabilizes both the base of the plaque, to keep it from rupturing, and the cap of the plaque, to keep it from cracking. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), commonly known as heart-bypass surgery, is the most common heart surgery in the United States. A healthy artery or vein is connected to the obstructed coronary artery creating a new path for the blood to flow to the heart muscle. The blood bypasses the obstructed vessel, with a resulting relief in angina. The serious risks of CABG include an increased risk of stroke and overall death rate compared with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (or angioplasty with stent placement), loss of mental function in the elderly, atrial fibrillation, and other more unusual events, such as failure of the sternum to close properly after surgery. Percutaneous coronary intervention is a nonsurgical procedure during which the physician feeds a thin flexible tube, or catheter, from the groin or arm into the heart. The catheter has a deflated balloon on the end, and when the tube reaches the blockage, it is forced though. The balloon is then inflated to open the artery, allowing blood to flow better. Then a stent, or short metal wire tube, is placed to prevent the stretched vessel from closing up again quickly. The most serious risks of PCI include death, heart attack, stroke, ventricular fibrillation and aortic dissection. Ons study showed that 1.2 patients out of every 100 died in the hospital undergoing PCI. The tactic of using surgical intervention as a substitute for a healthy diet is doomed to fail. Whenever CAD is present and surgical intervention occurs, the vast bulk of plaque is still left untreated. Atherosclerosis is a dietary-induced disease that spreads throughout the heart, not only in those areas visualized by angiograms. The vast majority of patients who undergo these interventions do not have fewer new heart attacks or live longer. The procedures themselves expose patients to more risk of new heart attack, strokes, infection, encephalopathy (disease in the brain), and death. Angioplasty, with or without stenting, also damages the treated blood vessel. It increases inflammation in the treated vessel and raises levels of C-reactive protein, which creates restenosis and increases the risk of recurrent coronary events. Restenosis is more resistant to regression with nutritional approaches than native atherosclerosis. Once an individual has a stent placed that foreign body in the vessel wall increases inflammation at the edge of the stent. This can enhance the potential for the treated area to generate a clot, leading to a future heart attack. These medical interventions do not address the cause of the disease; they treat only the symptoms-an approach that lessens pain for a limited period. Getting tested and treated for coronary obstructive disease wont help. Individuals without major blockages of their great vessels are just as likely to have a fatal cardiac event as those with more significant blockages. Nd yet, stress tests and angiography dont even show these individuals as having heart disease. Stress tests identify only those blockages that obstruct more than 85 percent of the vessel lumen. 70-80 percent of all myocardial infarctions are caused by plaques that is not obstructive or visible on angiography or stress tests. If you just have high blood pressure and high cholesterol and are overweight or diabetic, we recommend aggressive nutritional intervention and an exercise program customized to your fitness level and tolerance. If you have symptoms suggestive of angina with exertion, then we recommend you also use aggressive nutritional intervention to reduce the plaque burden and stabilize the plaque so that it doesnt form a clot. You should monitor your blood pressure and undergo blood tests. We also recommend that you get a noninvasive test to monitor heart output and wall motion, such as a cardiac ultrasound along with a carotid ultrasound, with can include measurements of the intima-media thickness, as well as an accurate determination of body fat to monitor the lowering direction of plaque burden and body fat stores. Even if someone has chest pain with light exertion, with documented left main disease (disease in the left main coronary artery) with a reduction in ejection fraction, we still recommend nutrition as the primary treatment in a stable patient. This is because my experience has shown that in two or three months, ejection fraction can improve dramatically and angina can already be significantly improved. I do not recommend angiography and stenting or bypass unless acute coronary syndrome is present, worsening ejection fraction on repeat ultrasounds is demonstrated, or ventricular arrhythmias are severe or worsening. There is an emergency diet approach in chapter 8 that starts patients with serious disease on an aggressive dietary intervention for maximizing results. All the symptoms of heart disease, as well as blockages, can melt away with superior nutrition without any cardiac intervention. The risks and complications of cardiac interventions and bypass surgeries are simply not necessary when people adopt an effective nutritional strategy. Instead of prescribing drugs and recommending expensive and invasive medical procedures, doctors need to educate themselves and then educate and motivate patients to take charge of their own health.

Cultural Impacts of the Civil Rights Act Essay

Until the eighteenth century Civil Rights and Liberty’s were taken advantage of as a American. Observation in our judicial system cited within the paper suggest that our civil rights in America has improved and continue to evolve to this day. Cultural Impacts of American Civil Rights laws In recent years, a great deal has gone into fair treatment of all. As history serves, there was a great civil rights activist that fought for fair treatment of all, one man in particular goes by the name of Martin Luther king jr. The implications of our culturally induced melting pot of a nation proceeded with immense struggles that carry on today. Are we (Americans) culturally desensitized or are we culturally aware? United States of America is one of the most culturally injected nations that stand for freedom and democracy. Our civil rights is the key to or success as a great nation. Find Law defined our civil right by giving rights of individuals to receive equal treatment (and to be free from unfair treatment or â€Å"discrimination†) in a number of settings — including education, employment, housing, and more — and based on certain legally-protected characteristics(â€Å"FindLaw†, 2009). According to Find Law, Civil Rights could also be described as the advancement of equality for all people regardless of race, sex, age, disability, national origin, religion, or certain other characteristics(â€Å"FindLaw,2009). President Abraham Lincoln is one of the first to create a civil right document called the Emancipation Proclamation, this document freed the first slaves that were in the states that were fighting in the civil war, eventually the thirteens amendment freed all slaves. Other example are (CNN, 2007): 1868 The 14th Amendment, which requires equal protection under the law to all persons, is ratified. 1870 The 15th Amendment, which bans racial discrimination in voting, is ratified 1948 President Truman issues an executive order outlawing segregation in the U.S. military Civil rights seemed to be focused on race discrimination but that is not he case. It also covers sex, religion, and pregnancy discrimination, just to name a few. Racial discrimination is defined as unfair treatment of a person because of the color of there skin or race. In one case according to Jet, a 37-year-old black woman sued Life Care Service Corp. Anita Holt filed the suit because the executives at LCSC would not review her application for promotion because â€Å"Placing a black in a administrative position would be considered to great of a business risk†. The company settled out of court with Anita Holt. They payed her $415,000 and they wrote a letter to it’s employees about how they made a error in judgement and in practice, along with overhauling there employment and promotion practices. Sex (gender) discrimination included in Title VII, is when a act of discrimination occurs when a person is treated unfairly or different because of there gender. This type of situation could occur in: Education- Excluding people from programs based on gender. Sports- Salary, scholastic, athletic discrimination. Military- Women banned from special operations, infantry, armor and artillery. Home- Boys cut the grass and girl cook and wash dishes. One of the main reasons why we have sex discrimination is because of our cultural outlook that is instilled in us from generation to generation and from birth to death. This has also has spread to our media; we see men on Tv playing the rough and tough rolls and women playing to clean and adorable roll. Religious discrimination involves â€Å"treating a person unfavorably because of his or her religious beliefs†,(EEOC,2010) this also violates Title VII of the civil rights act which was amended and added 1972. This type of discrimination happens quite often in the workplace. All employers are required to try to accommodate there workers religious practices. In the Navy, when going through basic training, they give one day a week for individuals that want to practice there religious right. This doesn’t always happen in all cases as it should. In march 2006 a Queens Midtown Tunnel employee by the name of Gregory fisherman filed a compliant against his boss. He complained because his boss denied him of promotion and penalized him for taking sick days because he is Jewish(Lawsuit financial corp,2009). He proved his case by hearing his supervisor use a curse word before they called him a jew which was his basis for claim. By getting that 51% of the jury to believe Mr. Fisherman, he was awarded $735,000. In another case, a restaurant called Sorrano’s Mexican Restaurant was sued in 2002 by Terra Neave(manager)for not accommodating to religious belief. She led a bible study after work and two of her subordinates attended. According to company policy manager are not suppose to socialize with subordinates,to prevent sexual harassment. The company offered to transfer her to another location, she refused and continued to lead bible study with her subordinates. With this type of substantial evidence she lost the case. In these two cases our rights were upheld and justice was served according to our civil rights laws(Luci Scott, Jan 2009). Pregnancy discrimination according to U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is â€Å"discrimination involves treating a woman unfavorably because she is pregnant,child birth, or medical condition related to pregnancy or child birth†. In 2009 there were 6,196 cases filed for pregnancy discrimination and 5,594 had resolutions according to EEOC & FEPAs. In 2009 the International House of Pancake lost a pregnancy discrimination lawsuit. Jennifer Beck a former IHOP employee was terminated because she was pregnant and they also failed to meet there legal obligation to answer her complaint. According to (Chain Leader 2009): IHOP had to pay her â€Å"$28,478 in back pay plus six percent annum from the date of her termination. Reinstate her to the next available position and pay her $437 a week until she accepts or reject any offer or one year passes Reimburse her $20 for travel expenses This is a very high price to pay in a recession, not only because of the money but there representation to the world as a restaurant chain. As we can see, as a nation we will continue to fight and legislate for our rights and civil liberties as our forefathers did. Starting with President Abraham Lincoln in 1776 in which he declared in the Declaration of Independence, that â€Å"We hold these truths to be self evident: That all men are created equal†. That statement paved to way for Jennifer Beck, Anita Holt, and countless others can enjoy what America has to offer. References Withy Law. A Short History of American Civil Right Law. Retrieved April 10, 2010, from http://www.withylaw.com/history.htm InfoPlease, Civil Rights Time Line. Milestones in Modern Civil Rights Movements. Retrieved April 10, 2010, from http://www.infoplease.com/spot/civilrightstimeline1.html Public Find Law, Civil Rights:Law and History, Gender(Sex) Discrimination Basics, Retrieved April 11, 2010, from http://public.findlaw.com/civil-rights/civil-rights-basics/civil-rights-history.html,http://public.findlaw.com/civil-rights/gender-discrimination/gender-discrimination-basics.html U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Race and Color Discrimination, Pregnancy Discrimination, Religious Discrimination, Retrieved April 13, 2010 from http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/types/religion.cfm http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/types/race_color.cfm http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/types/pregnancy.cfm Iris:A Journal about Women(September 2002). AccessMyLibrary, Women and the Military, Retrieved April 13, 2010 from http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-95612707/women-and-military-sex.html Bello, M. Lawsuit financial corp. $735,00 Verdict Awrded in Religious Discrimination Case-Law Suit Finance Candidate. Retrieved Apri 14, 2010 from http://www.lawsuitfinanceblog.com/2008/08/735000_verdict_awarded_in_reli_1.html Scott, L.(2009) Serrano’s wins in religious discrimination case. Retrieved from http://www.azcentral.com/community/chandler/articles/2009/01/21/20090121cr-serrano0121.html Chain Leader(2009) IHOP Franchisee Loses Pregnancy Discrimination Case. Retrieved from

Nokia Swot Analysis

Nokia SWOT Analysis Strengths Strong brand image is Nokia's core asset. The company continues to strengthen its brand equity through various marketing campaigns. Nokia's brand was the fifth most valued brand in the world according to the top 100 best brands list compiled by InterBrand in 2009, and was the only mobile phone manufacturer in the top 10 best brands list. A strong and highly visible brand enables the company to command a premium for its products and differentiate itself from competitors. The company has been the leading player in the global mobile devices market since 1998.The company's strong market position, besides enhancing the brand image, provides economies of scale in operation. Nokia has the unique production technology, strong technical strength, perfect quality control system. Nokia has an great advantage over other rivals. Nokia, as a company with a 150-year history, has abundant marketing experience, first-class customer service and outstanding large-scale pur chasing skills. Nokia’s mission is simple: Connecting People. Its goal is to build great mobile products that enable billions of people worldwide to enjoy more of what life has to offer.Its ideas of the new products are from the consumer's needs, expectations and dreams, based on detailed market analysis and classifications of consumers. The Nokia-Microsoft partnership brings together two global businesses with highly complementary sets of assets and competencies. The strategic partnership sees Nokia smart phones adopting the new Windows 7 operating system, with the Symbian platform gradually being sidelined. The goal is to establish a third ecosystem to rival iOS and Android. Weaknesses The company's high-end product portfolio is weak compared to its competitors.The company's high-end products are mainly offered through the N-series range of multimedia computers. While, the company's multimedia products feature music players, cameras, pocket computers, gaming consoles and na vigation devices, it lacks appealing touch screen functionally and sleek designs compared to products of its competitors. Nokia also faces significant price competition in this market as phones are being offered at lower price or free, when purchased with a contract. Although the company has been the leading player in the global mobile devices market, the market shares in its other industries are being reducing.Opportunities The company launched Ovi Life Tools (Nokia Ovi Sheng Huo Tong), which offers a range of information services covering healthcare, agriculture, education and entertainment. Launch of new innovative services will enable the company to enhance its customer base thereby increasing its revenues in the coming years. The company made several strategic acquisitions in the recent years. The company's strategic acquisitions enhance its offering and enable it to record revenue growth from new offerings, while providing competitive advantage.It allows high bandwidth applica tions, is expected to increase with the growing need for advanced data and video services. New growth markets where cell phone adoption still has room to go, including India and other countries. Threats Nokia faces intense competition in all the segments of the communications market it operates. In the low-end mobile devices segment, the company has been facing competition South Korean mobile device companies such as LG and Samsung, while it continues to compete with Motorola and Sony Ericsson, among others.In the high end mobile devices/smart phones segment, the company is facing intense competition from Apple, RIM, HTC, and Samsung. The company operates in more than 150 countries across Europe, Americas and Asia Pacific and is exposed to risk from changes in foreign currency rates. Nokia’s business and results of operations are from time to time affected by changes in exchange rates, particularly between the Euro, the company’s reporting currency, and other currencie s such as the US dollar, the Japanese yen and the Chinese Yuan.And European debt crisis brings great impacts on the world, especially Europe where Finland located. Late in the game in 3G creates a risk to be displaced by leaders like Motorola, LG, NEC and others. The market is fast changing, the consumers’ expectations vary. The development tendency of mobile phone is big screen, high resolution, touch screen, intelligent system. But NOKIA touch screen support software is very few. Besides its intelligence system needs to be further ascent. Trapped in the fluidity of the mobile phone business, and missed the latest innovation and trendy design.

The Advertisements For Gucci s Perfume And Calvin Klein

According to Miya Yamanouchi, the author of Embrace Your Sexual Self, â€Å"Both men and women experience pressure to conform to social standards of attractiveness. Men to look strong and be tough, women to look pretty and soft.† Stereotypes affect every gender in the society because people have a prejudice on themselves and others. In â€Å"Men’s Men and Women’s Women,† written by Steve Craig, addresses the expectations that the society places on men and women. For instance, men must be masculine and wealthy and women must have a perfect body shape with beautiful facial features to be considered as attractive. Nowadays, the advertisements are taking advantage of such a social norm to lure consumers to purchase their goods. The advertisements for Gucci’s perfume and Calvin Klein’s cologne are especially good examples to demonstrate such pressure and reflect the consumers’ psychological behavior. The advertisements highlight gender ster eotypes through utilizing the impression of opposite sex and incorporate an underlying sense of sexism through the designs of the backgrounds, the purpose of wearing fragrances and the reinforcements on Women’s Men and Men’s Men; these advertisements contribute to the consumers’ perception of their physical appearance by delivering a fraudulent image of perfection through their models. The effects of the chosen background designs of Gucci’s and Calvin Klein’s advertisements influence the focus of the subjects in the promotions, consequently targeting theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Susan Bordos Beauty(Re)Discovers the Male Body1453 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 110 10th September 2013 Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢m sexy and I know it: Why shouldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t I? 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Purchase of a luxury product involves lot of planning and research before taking any decision. There are number of factors that affect an individual‟s decision making process as well as his choice about the product. These factors are different for different types of luxury product. A research into these aspects will give us an insight into the mindset of the consumer and will help to study the consumer