The Amendment Of The Rights Of Those Accused Of A Crime

The three amendments that are used to protect the rights of those accused of a crime include, the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Amendment. â€Å"The Fourth Amendment in the Constitution, contains protection against unreasonable searches and seizures and protects people’s homes, property, and effects† (as cited in Peak, 2015, p. 180). â€Å"The Fifth Amendment in the Constitution, among other protections, guards against self-incrimination and double jeopardy† (as cited in Peak, 2015, p. 180). â€Å"The Sixth Amendment in the Bill of Rights, guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury, the right to effective counsel at trial and other protections† (as cited in Peak, 2015, p. 180). These three Amendments, in summary mean that any person who is accused of a crime is innocent until proven guilty, and their rights are just as important as anyone else. They have the natural born right to have their rights as citizens protected under the law, and ensure fair treatment from law enforcement officers. In 1993, the Supreme Court ruled a decision on the court case, Minnesota v. Dickerson. This court case followed the court ruling in 1968, which was the original stop and frisk case, Terry v. Ohio. In Terry v. Ohio, â€Å"The Supreme Court of the United States held that it is a reasonable search when an officer performs a quick seizure and a limited search for weapons on a person that the officer reasonably believes could be armed. A typical beat officer would be unduly burdened byShow MoreRelatedThe Justice System Of The United States1040 Words   |  5 Pagesset up to ensure Constitutional Rights to all involved. The courts provide certain rights to both the victim and the defendant during all stages of the due process. The primary goal in all phases of the criminal justice system is to ensure the protection of rights and guarantee justice is served. To ensure citizens freedoms are protected and individual rights are guaranteed the Constitution of the United States was formed. Wit hin the Constitution consists of Amendments. This paper will be discussingRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Fifth Amendment926 Words   |  4 Pagesbasic rights to any citizen who is accused of a crime. The biggest right of all is the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty. In other words, until and unless it can be proven without any doubt that you committed a crime, you will be considered not guilty. It is important to understand the in case of arrest, the burden of proof is always on the government. They are the ones who have to justify why you are being arrested. The U.S. Constitute guarantees those accused of a crime the privilegeRead MoreThe Supreme Court case Miranda v. Arizona in 1966 affected the rights of the accused and the1000 Words   |  4 Pagesaffected the rights of the accused and the responsibilities of law enforcement. Miranda v. Arizona is known as the â€Å"right to remain silent† case. â€Å"I must tell you first you have the right to remain silent. If you choose not to remain silent, anything you say or write can and will be used as evidence against you in court. You have the right to consult a lawyer before any questioning, and you have the right to have the lawyer present with you during any questioning. You not only have the right to consultRead MoreEssay on Law Enforcement and the Rights of the Accused1440 Words   |  6 PagesLaw Enforcement an d the Rights of the Accused â€Æ' Law Enforcement and the Rights of the Accused In this paper, I will discuss Amendments VI, V, VI and VIII which give rights to the accused. I will also examine how these rights affect law enforcement procedures. I will then give details on which law enforcement agencies each amendment affects and how. Amendment VI gives the people the right against unreasonable search and seizure. It also states that a warrant has to be signed by aRead MoreThe Book 1984 By George Orwell961 Words   |  4 Pagestotalitarianism rule. The characters in the book are basically stripped of every right that citizens, in the United States, are guaranteed under the US Constitution. Some examples of the Bill of Rights Amendments that were absent in the book would be the First Amendment, Fourth Amendment, Sixth Amendment, as well as the Fourteenth, Fifteenth and Nineteenth Amendment, and also many others. Under the First Amendment in the United States Constitution, it is stated, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respectingRead MoreThe United States Legal System Is Considered One Of The1105 Words   |  5 Pagesconstitution. Prior to the establishment of the Bill of Rights in December 1791, many people would often find themselves accused of crimes they did not commit and would therefore face penalties for such crimes. The legal system then was not keen on respecting human rights and people of alleged crimes would be put through cruel methods of interrogation only to later confess to crimes they did not commit. In the event one was actually guilty of a crime, they had neither the means nor the ways to acquireRead MoreThe Sixth Amendment: Providing Justice for Everyone Essay731 Words   |  3 PagesThe 6th Amendment: Providing Justice for Everyone Prior to the Revolutionary War, if the British accused a colonist of a crime, he would most likely receive an unfair trial and a prison sentence. When the Founding Fathers wrote the Bill of Rights, they believed that all Americans deserved rights which the British had not given them. The 6th Amendment provides many legal rights to United States citizens that protect them from being wrongly convicted of crimes. The 6th Amendment is the most importantRead MoreThe Fourth Amendment And Fifth Amendment1585 Words   |  7 PagesThe three amendments that are used to protect the rights of those accused of a crime include, the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Amendment. The Fourth Amendment protects the right of people to be secure in their persons, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures. (Peak, 2015, p.181). The Fifth Amendment protects the accused against self-incrimination, double jeopardy, and life, liberty, and property. Meaning no person will be forced to be a witnes s against themselves, they cannotRead MoreWhy Is The Rights Of The Accused Is Proven Accused1503 Words   |  7 PagesName Instructor Name Class Date History of the Rights of the Accused and the Warren Court One of the most well-known epithets in the United States is â€Å"innocent until proven guilty.† This means that until a prosecution has proven beyond a reasonable doubt that a person accused of a crime has indeed committed that crime, he or she is to be presumed innocent of all charges. In theory, this idea upholds the sense of democracy and fair trial upon which the country was founded. In practice, howeverRead MoreThe Impact Of Civil Justice System On The United States1287 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper will provide a written analysis of the impact of the 4th 5th 6th 8th and 14th amendments in the processing of criminals through the justice system, and the impacts it has in the criminal justice system’s due process and processing of an offender. The process of which the criminal justice system protects defendant’s and victim’s rights is called the Due process. I will attempt to explain how the due process is applied to the U.S. Constitution, to incl ude giving examples, explain the procedural

Essay on Principles of Economics - 617 Words

Principles of Economics Paper Individual decision making is either you do, or you do not. Most people are rational beings basing their decisions on a formula, benefits versus cost. Are the benefits of buying a $1000 television worth it? Are the marginal benefits worth the marginal cost? Just this morning, I was faced with such a scenario. I was invited over to a friend’s house to try a new video game. I did not go, however, because I knew that I had to read several chapters for my class and write a paper. The benefits were that I would have some time to hang out with my friends and enjoy some much needed free time. The cost would’ve been that I could have not gotten all of my reading done and possibly been late on my†¦show more content†¦Centrally planned economies are of a lower caliber quality, because the government decides who, what, and how products will be handled. This however does not meet the consumers wants, only the needs. Market economies are quite different from centrally planned. Market economies base their who, what, and how answers on the consumers. This gives the consumers more choice and power on their buying habits. In a market economy, products will tend to have higher quality and higher probability of satisfying the consumers. This does, however, target the more willing and capable buyers. There is a third economic system that was brought about in the nineteenth century: a mixed economy. This mixed economy is a combination of both centrally planned and market economies. This allows for the answers to â€Å"who, what, and how?† to be decided by consumers but in which the government has a significant role in the allocation of resources. Simply explained, social interactions change from one economic system to another. A centrally planned economy restricts free will as far as the questions who, what, and how. Perhaps leaving the society a little less satiated. A market economy will allow for higher paying jobs, better quality products, but targets only a certain demographic. A mixed economy attempts to combine both systems and allow for high quality products, high paying jobsShow MoreRelatedThe Principles of Economics1081 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Running Head: PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS Alcohol abuse: A costly lifestyle Economic analysis states that alcohol abuse is a costly lifestyle. Alcohol consumption is approximated to cost individuals and the society billions of money indirectly or directly. The expenditures can be sub-divided down to include those costs that are added directly to the purchasing of alcohol and those which are incurred as a result of alcohol related health problems like liver cirrhosis (Coate, 2001). Reducing alcoholRead MoreThe Economic Principles2034 Words   |  8 PagesEconomic Principles For an economy to thrive it must spend money. The amount of money that is spent can vary greatly from one year to the next. When interest rates are low and reasonable, more loans may be taken and this money is put back into the economy. This influx of monies into the economy can create jobs which lower the unemployment rate. A nation must be able to engage in free trade to help import goods and services that it may be lacking in. When a nation has goods and services that it excelsRead MorePrinciples of Economics2708 Words   |  11 PagesNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT Assignment on PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS Master in Business Administration Q. Suppose the price elasticity of demand for text books is two and the price of the text book is increased by 10%. By how much does the quantity demand fall? Inter the result and discuss reasons for the fall in quantity demand? INTRODUCTION Elasticity is the ratio of the percent change in one variable to the percentRead MoreKey Principles of Economics1453 Words   |  6 PagesThe study of economics is vital as it provides an understanding of how the world works. It is the study of how people choose to use resources to improve their well-being. According to Samuelson (1948) â€Å"Economics is the study of how societies use scarce resources to produce valuable commodities and distribute them among different people.† This paper will outline the 10 key principles of economics. These principles are grouped into the three 3 categories of â€Å"How people make decision†, â€Å"How peopleRead MoreThe Fundamental Economic Principles1809 Words   |  7 Pagescalled the scarcity principle, and it is the fundamental economic principle of needing (or wanting) goods in a world that has limited resources. It means that in society, there will almost always be situations in which there are insufficient resources t o fulfill all human wants and needs. Of course this also implies that at any given time, not all individual or group goals can be provided, which results in tradeoffs and substitutions. If we think about scarcity as a principle, then the idea of havingRead MoreTen Principles of Economics2000 Words   |  8 Pagesof questions does economics address? What are the principles of how people make decisions? What are the principles of how people interact? What are the principles of how the economy as a whole works? Ten Principles of Economics Macroeconomics N. Gregory Mankiw Premium PowerPoint Slides by Ron Cronovich  © 2009 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning, all rights reserved PRINCIPLES OF 1 What Economics Is All About Scarcity: the limited nature of society’s resources Economics: the study of howRead More10 Principles of Economics6483 Words   |  26 Pages10 Principles of Economics Supply and Demand * Supply and demand are inversely proportional: When supply rises, demand falls. For instance, when the housing market in a certain region is flooded with homes for sale, sellers drop the price to attract a buyer. However, single homes for sale in exclusive neighborhoods might have more potential buyers than sellers. In these instances, the price of the home rises. Inflation and Unemployment * Gregory Mankiw, Harvard Economics professor and authorRead MoreThe Economic Principle Of A Financial Economics Degree1646 Words   |  7 Pagesa very specific economic principle. The economic principle that once applied states that, everyone is better off with trade. I still remember when I was younger, studying at Jerome Middle School in Jerome, ID, where I conducted trades. My parents were proud owners of a Hispanic store. When I was younger I would take candy that was on sale at my parents store, bring it to school, and sell it. By doing this, I was conducting a trade with my consumers. I now notice that the principle stated above, everyoneRead MoreNotes: Economic Principles534 Words   |  2 PagesEconomic principles The economic theory and literature are extremely complex, elaborate and filled with specific information. Still, some of this information is difficult to processes and implement by a novice economist, or sometimes even by a practicing economist, rather than a theoretician. Harvard Professor Gregory Mankiw has identified this shortage of the specialized literature and has strived to enunciate ten critical economic principles, which can be easily understood and applied by all.Read MoreThe Seven Core Principles of Economics3028 Words   |  13 PagesEconomics is the social science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services and with the theory and management of economies or economic systems. All economists agree on one thing, the economy is large and it is unpredictable. However, throughout the years economists have developed some simple but widely applicable principles that are useful when trying to understand decisions that are made by everyday people to the workings of highly complex markets. There

Is the Twentieth century American novel a medium for social criticism Essay Example For Students

Is the Twentieth century American novel a medium for social criticism? Essay Gatsby himself is described as a regular Belasco due to his incredible attention to detain in trying to present the life of an upper class man. Fitzgerald almost satirises this observation when he explains, With the influence of her dress personality had also undergone a change. Her former manner was converted into impressive hauteur. To a certain extent satire is used by Fitzgerald to illustrate societies willingness to exploit any generosity, for example J Gatsby remains almost anonymous at his own parties as the guests flock in to enjoy the free bar stocked with Gins and liquors and with cordials. His anonymity is humorous when Nick engages in a conversation with him completely unaware that he is talking to the host. The theme of exploitation features in Manhattan Transfer particularly in the story of Cassey who is constantly in pursuit of a spiwitual connection with her boyfriend, but who eventually has her fear of losing him exploited by the boyfriend for his own selfish desire to have sex, hed never see me again if I didnt. Another point of social criticism is societies readiness to turn a blind eye at things that are morally wrong and potentially harmful to people. In Great Gatsby Jordan tells Nick that everybody knew about Tom Buchanans affair but it was not mentioned. Sight and seeing is a prominent theme throughout the novel, they signify the ability or inability to see the morality in life. The oculist that is set above the dust heaps should be correcting vision not tying to gain commercial advantage by the means of advertisement; this so closely mirrors the lives of society who are willing to turn a blind eye to certain events and situations in order to gain advantage and ultimately live a care free existence. Dos Passos overall methods of social criticism differ both in time and emotion, we are not given enough time with each character in Manhattan transfer to care about their outcome, whereas in The Great Gatsby our exposure to the characters urges us to form opinions on them and to develop a concern for their future. The motive behind including social criticism in a novel is to make the reader aware of the problems in society and to make the reader want to do something about it. As human beings we only want to make changes if we feel that they would affect us and we can only envisage ourselves being affected by something if we are able to relate to it on some level. Therefore my opinion is that Fitzgeralds approach to social criticism is more affective because his writing provokes us to react and respond to the issues being raised.

Research Paper on New York City Essay Example

Research Paper on New York City Essay New York, officially known as the City of New York, is the largest city in the United States since 1790 and one of the largest in the world. Between 1785 and 1790, the city of New York was the capital of the United States. It is located in the northeast of the United States, on the Atlantic coast, in the southeast corner of the State of New York and is divided in five districts called boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Queens, and Staten Island. Its inhabitants are called New Yorkers. New York influence deeply education, research, technology, finance, global commerce, media, art, fashion, and entertainment. Gathering all the characteristics of a global city, it is sometimes considered as the â€Å"capital of the world.† However New York is not the federal capital of the United States anymore, it is the most populated city in the country with 8,175,133 inhabitants in 2010, according to the Census Bureau. New York is one of the most cosmopolitan cities in the world with its many ethnic neighborhoods. The best known are Little Italy, or Chinatown, where there are the largest concentration of Chinese people in the United States. The City of New York welcomes 50 million visitors per year. Times Square, located in the intersection of Broadway and 42nd Street, and widely known as â€Å"The Crossroads of the World† is the focal center of entertainment industry. Over 300 thousand visitors come daily to see its world-known Broadway theaters. The city is home to many bridges, skyscrapers, and world famous parks. The financial district of New York is globally famous as the â€Å"Financial Capital of the World† and is home to the New York Stock Exchange and to future financial center One World Trade Center. In addition, the most expensive real estate in the world can also be found in Manhattan. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on New York City specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on New York City specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on New York City specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Finally, New York welcomes institutions of global importance, such as the UN headquarters. However, it is as well the City of great cultural events and organizations, such as the Metropolitan Museum, the Brooklyn Museum, the Lincoln Center, and Museum of Modern Art. Many reputable universities are located in New York, including the City University of New York, the Columbia University, and the University of New York. University and college students, who are about to write their first research proposal on New York City, can encounter serious difficulties on preparing research project on such a multifaceted topic. In this case, we suggest you to read some free sample research paper on New York topics and try to understand the main rules of specific scientific text writing. They will show you how to outline your thesis statement, stress the key moment of your investigation, and bring up a persuasive, which will be a strong argument for your professor. At EssayLib.com custom writing service you can buy a custom research paper on New York topics. Your research paper will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research paper assistance at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all paper details: Enjoy our professional research paper writing service!

Toyota Motor Corporation Business Sample

Toyota Motor Corporation Business Sample Toyota Motor Corporation Business Essay Example Toyota Motor Corporation Business Essay Example Toyota has become one of the leaders in vehicle industry. Its history goes back to the 1930s, when the company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda. Toyota Company was a branch project of Toyota Automatic Loom Works run by founder’s son. Its first creations were A1 and G1 passenger vehicles. Only in August 1937, Toyota Company was established as a separate entity. Ever since that time, company had encored its positions on a global market. In 2012, Toyota Motors Corporation was the largest manufacturer in the world by production capacities. Starting from this year, 2014 it occupies the fourteenth place in the world by revenue. Toyota Way The company’s values and business style in terms of management are known as the Toyota Way. Toyota Way is a code of conduct embraced by all of its employees. Amongst its content there are two headings Respect for People and Continuous Improvement that lay the foundation for five major principles that include: challenge, improvement, go and see, respect and teamwork (Toyota Motor Corporation, n.d.). The Toyota Way encounters four main components that are essential for its operations: long-term thinking, problem-solving process, adding value and root problem solving leads to organizational learning. Toyota’s global vision reflects its intentions to lead the way to the future of mobility via enriching lives around the world with the safe and responsible ways of moving people. They seek to achieve the mentioned above through commitment to quality, constant innovation and respect for the planet, exceeding expectations with a smile as a reward from customers. The company also emphasizes on involvement of those who are talented and passionate who seek better ways of achieving corporate goals. Tracing back to its foundation, the Toyota Company has changed the course of its products and services. The Toyota Grop consists of 16 companies that provide goods and services. Its product line includes manufacturing of automobiles, luxury vehicles, commercial vehicles, engines and motorcycles. Services, provided by Toyota embrace banking, financing and leasing. The Toyota Company also performs an expertise in fields that are not related to the automobile business: housing, financial ser vices, environmental (marine, biotechnology and afforestation) and communications. Its headquarters are located in Toyota city in the Aichi prefecture in Japan. Ten of its plants operate in Japan. Its geographical presence embraces manufacturing or assembling plants in North and South Americas region, Europe and Asia and Oceania. As of March 2014, the Toyota’s: capital was worth 80.4 billion yen; net sales 2,007.8 billion yen; net income 91.7 billion yen. During 2012 and 2013 total sales were 9,748,000 and 9,980,000 yen respectively (Reuters Financial, 2014). 1. Every company seeks the way to increase profits Thus, expanding the geographical borders is means – maximizing profits and minimizing risks. Starting as a domestic company that manufactured passenger cars, the Toyota Company has managed to occupy leading positions on the world market. Its first model passenger car was around 3,500 yen that was cheaper than analogues offered by General Motors or Ford. Another significant push for making business globally is related to company’s marketing campaigns and strategies that are developed locally. It helps to adjust business to local demands with the quality and reputation of the brand. The Toyota Company makes a huge emphasis on its philosophy and corporate culture. They pose themselves as modest brand that provides quality products. The product line embraces all different types of vehicles, from small, luxury to big-size trucks. It closely coincides with customer demand. Innovation is one of the major factors that attract customers. The company implements its innovations through the creation of vehicles that have unique characteristics because of optimization and differentiation on the regional level. Another peculiar feature of Toyota on an automobile market related to innovations is realized through creation of basic high-quality parts that are cross-usable in different products (Thompson, 2014). Expanding means establishing its production within a specific region and thus, it affects the budget and as a result – profit. Over the course of its development up to this date, the Toyota Company consists of 540 consolidated subsidiaries and 226 affiliates worldwide with 333,498 members of employed staff as of March 2014. To sum up above, Toyota has managed to become a flagman in an automobile industry via innovative approach to manufacture a variety of products that fit into different categories of customer segment. Besides, the Company has a highly developed and successful marketing course of development that helped to enter foreign markets and adjust to its rules. 2. The competitive advantage of Toyota can be explained by Porter’s model Threat of New Entry (Weak): Large amÐ ¾unt of capital required High retaliatiÐ ¾n pÐ ¾ssible from existing cÐ ¾mpanies, if new entrants wÐ ¾uld bring innÐ ¾vative prÐ ¾ducts and ideas to the industry; Few legal barriers prÐ ¾tect cÐ ¾mpany from new entrants; The company has established brand image and reputation; Products are mainly differentiated by design and engineering quality; New entrant could easily access suppliers and distributors; It is very hard to achieve economies of scale for small companies; GÐ ¾vernments Ð ¾ften prÐ ¾tect their home markets by intrÐ ¾ducing high import taxes; Supplier power (Weak): Large number of suppliers; Some suppliers are large but the most of them are pretty small; Company uses another type of material (use one metal instead of another) but only to some extent (plastic instead of metal); Materials widely accessible; Suppliers do not pose any threat of forward integration; Buyer power (Strong): There are many buyers; Most of the buyers are individuals that buy one car, but corporates or governments usually buy large fleets and can bargain for lower prices; Buyers are price sensitive and their decision is often based on how much does a vehicle cost; Buyers do not threaten backward integration; Threat of Substitutes (Weak): There are many alternative types of transportation, such as bicycles, motorcycles, trains, buses or planes; Substitutes can rarely offer the same convenience; Alternative types of transportation almost always cost less and sometimes are more environment friendly; Competitive Rivalry (Very Strong): Moderate number of competitors; If a firm would decide to leave an industry it would incur huge losses, so most of the time it either bankrupts or stays in automotive industry for the lifetime; Industry is very large but matured; Size of competing firm’s varying but they usually compete for different consumer segments; Customers are loyal to their brands; There is moderate threat of being acquired by a competitor; (Nkomo, 2013, p.4). 3. External environmental factors are important for the proper growth, which leads to occupation of leading position on domestic and later on global markets. Toyota has managed to achieve success via thorough guidelines and principles of business that were created within the company. While entering business, especially automobile industry it is not enough to know competitors, one should have clear understanding of what advantages your company has over others on a market; thus, it shows ways for improvement. The Toyota Company has become a leader on the market not in one day. In 2012, the Toyota Motors Corporation was recognized as the largest automobile manufacturer in the world, with the reported production of 200-millionth vehicle in the middle of that year. Its annual production of vehicles reaches 10 million. The biggest share of its success belongs to production system, known as â€Å"lean manufacturing system† or â€Å"just-in-time system† that has become popular worldwide and thus, studied. The system functions in the way of producing vehicles ordered by customers in the quickest and the most efficient way. The method helps to deliver vehicles in a short period. Firstly, it explains the significant number of factories all over the world that work for a specific region. Secondly, this approach helps to establish so-called communication with customers and ability to be flexible in fast-changing tastes and trends. Economic factors are also important for the company’s growth. The economic system and policies, nature of the economy of the country, trade cycles, level and distribution of income define the economic environment of the company (Jain et al., 2006). One of the examples, describing mentioned above is connected with Toyota entering North American market. The company has entered the market with its small passenger cars that were cheaper that those of competitors. During the oil crisis in 1970s, the Toyota was able to respond to customer demand for small cars with improved fuel economy while competitors were producing small cars of lower quality. It shows that the Company had healthy and fast-responding solution to the situation both on a global scale (oil crisis) and customer demand within a region (small cars with effective fuel consumption). Socioeconomic factors are related to the brand’s features – quality, reliability and durability. Over a span of time, the Toyota has become the most trusted vehicle manufacturer in the world. After launching a luxury line, it had become a symbol of status. Toyota’s input into socioeconomic development of every country always associates with respect. The laws of a country are valued by fair corporate actions from senior management. Thus, Toyota has gained general recognition from the society. Company’s priorities in each country combine awareness of traffic laws and work-life balance for its employees. Financial performance of Toyota is determined as outperformed. During the last five years, total assets increased 586.8 billion yen to 3,243.8 billion yen that can be explained in terms of an increase in market value of investment securities. Liabilities grew due to an increase in deferred tax liabilities. Net assets growth is estimated at the level of 327.2 billion yen. Cash flow from operating activities rose due to posting income before income taxes. In comparison with the last fiscal year, net case has also grown. Cash flows from investing activities resulted in a decrease in cash of 274.2 billion yen, resulted by increase in payments for purchases of property, plant and equipment (Toyota Industries: Financial Summary, 2013). When analyzing Toyota’s presence in the US market, for example, it is important to highlight that Toyota has minimum political and legal implications. It is connected with company does not have to deal with unions has minimal financial burden along with the retirement and financial plans. There is no need for the company to splurge budgets on legal costs associated with its operations and health care expenditures. The government within the country where the company runs its business outlines legal framework for the Toyota. In the United States, there are laws that are directly applied for the company – competition, consumer protection or taxation and emission laws. Physical factors are associated with challenges that company has faced while being among the leaders in automobile manufacturing. These are forces that have a direct impact on plans, strategies and decisions made by the company. Challenges embrace the wide spectrum of spheres including: intense and high competition economic crisis of 2008 malfunction of products (Camry Solara and Lexus, four million of which were recalled by the company; 2009-2010 the Company recalled around eight million cars and trucks manufactured in the US) Political environment of the Toyota Company is affected by the decisions related to marketing and thus, development of new products. Despite of the geographical location, companies are still vulnerable to a political environment within a specific country. However, states are interested in maintaining companies inside of the country as they give working places and are subject to taxation. With its number of consolidated companies and affiliates, the Toyota Company belongs to the bunch that is protected by local governments with further creation of competition on the market, adding customer values. Sociocultural factors refer to the influence of certain social and cultural factors on an organisation. The factors influencing the social environment of an organization are usually beyond the control of the Toyota Company and may include the following: attitude of people to work, religion, cast etc. The Toyota Company has established The Toyota Way internal principles and guidelines for its employees. The staff has to embrace and follow five principles: challenge, improvement, go and see, respect and teamwork. A lot of work is done by creating comfortable conditions for local staff and creating opportunities via incentives and programs aimed at growth both personal and professional. The Company has launched Corporate Citizenship program that includes environmental awareness, traffic safety, education and input into the society by volunteering. Technological environment is a driving force for future development. Toyota spends a lot of time working on technological advance and production of products of the highest quality. For example, back in 1997 the company was the first who launched mass production of hybrid electric vehicles (Toyota Prius). Technological environment means the creation of cars that are popular with consumers. They are popular because of safety of its products, environmental issue, and engagement with intelligent transport systems outside of the vehicle. For example, Corolla model that is present on the market for over 17 years has been attractive to customers due to important features such as gas expenditure and low maintain cost (Flynn, 2013). The Toyota is one of the leaders on automobile market and industry as well. Success coincides with some of the challenges that the company had to face in the mid 2000s related to technical malfunctions of its products. It took many resources, tangible and intangible in order to solve these issues and restore its reputation. The biggest achievement of Toyota is an ability the products of Toyota to be beneficial for the society and environment at the same time. Over the time, the company has gained success on the market leading to the constant demand of its product, thus, profit as well. The Company always seeks new ways in technology to improve its products, which is promising for company’s career. Recommendations Toyota Motor Corporation should seek ways to detect bugs while products are not sold to the end consumers. It will enable efficient control and responsibility. Business expansion is possible in new emerging economies. For it, Toyota has to be flexible and responsive to local market demands. Emerging economies are new horizons to be discovered by Toyota. The Company should pursue its innovative approach towards environmentally-sound products not only in automobile industry.

The Flag of the United States of Mexico

The Flag of the United States of Mexico There have been a few looks for the flag of Mexico since its independence from Spanish rule in 1821, but its overall look has remained the same: green, white and red and a coat of arms in the center that is a nod to the Aztec Empires capital of Tenochtitlan, formerly based in Mexico City in 1325. The flag colors are the same colors of the national liberation army in Mexico. Visual Description The Mexican flag is a rectangle with three vertical stripes: green, white and red from left to right. The stripes are of equal width. In the center of the flag is a design of an eagle, perched on a cactus, eating a snake. The cactus in on an island in a lake, and beneath is a garland of green leaves and a red, white and green ribbon. Without the coat of arms, the Mexican flag looks like the Italian flag, with the same colors in the same order, although the Mexican flag is longer and the colors are a darker shade. History of the Flag The national liberation army, known as the Army of the Three Guarantees, officially formed after the struggle for independence. Their flag was white, green and red with three yellow stars. The first flag of the new Mexican republic was modified from the armys flag. The first Mexican flag is very similar to the one used today, but the eagle is not shown with a snake, instead, it is wearing a crown. In 1823, the design was modified to include the snake, although the eagle was in a different pose, facing the other direction. It underwent minor changes in 1916 and 1934 before the current version was officially adopted in 1968. Flag of the Second Empire Since independence, only on one occasion has the Mexican flag undergone a drastic revision. In 1864, for three years, Mexico was ruled by Maximilian of Austria, a European nobleman imposed as the emperor of Mexico by France. He redesigned the flag. The colors stayed the same, but golden royal eagles were put in each corner, and the coat of arms was framed by two golden griffins and included the phrase Equidad en la Justicia, meaning   Equity in Justice.† When Maximilian was deposed and killed in 1867, the old flag was restored. Symbolism of the Colors When the flag was first adopted, the green symbolically stood for independence from Spain, the white for Catholicism and the red for unity. During the secular presidency of Benito Juarez, the meanings were changed to mean green for hope, white for unity and red for the spilled blood of fallen national heroes. These meanings are known by tradition, nowhere in Mexican law or in the documentation does it clearly state the official symbolism of the colors. Symbolism of the Coat of Arms The eagle, snake, and cactus refer back to an old Aztec legend. The Aztecs were a nomadic tribe in northern Mexico who followed a prophecy that they should make their home where they saw an eagle perched on a cactus while eating a snake. They wandered until they came to a lake, formerly Lake Texcoco, in central Mexico, where they saw the eagle and founded what would become the mighty city of Tenochtitln, now Mexico City. After the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, Lake Texcoco was drained by the Spanish in an effort to control continuous lake flooding. Flag Protocol February 24 is Flag Day in Mexico, celebrating the day in 1821 when different rebel armies joined together to secure independence from Spain. When the national anthem is played, Mexicans must salute the flag by holding their right hand, palm down, over their heart. Like other national flags, it may be flown at half-staff in official mourning upon the death of someone important. Importance of the Flag Like people from other nations, Mexicans are very proud of their flag and like to show it off. Many private individuals or companies will fly them proudly. In 1999, President Ernesto Zedillo commissioned giant flags for several important historical sites. These banderas monumentales or â€Å"monumental banners† can be seen for miles and were so popular that several state and local governments made their own. In 2007, Paulina Rubio, famous Mexican singer, actress, TV hostess, and model, appeared in a magazine photo shoot wearing only a Mexican flag. It created quite the controversy, although she later said that she meant no offense and apologized if her actions were viewed as a sign of disrespect of the flag.

Eating Behaviour and Dietary Quality in College Students Thesis

Eating Behaviour and Dietary Quality in College Students - Thesis Example Eating competence explains how normal people eat. It is descriptive in that sense and rigid only for that group who are not comfortable with their current eating or who are concerned about their diet and health, and seek to make a dietary transformation from distorted eating to competent eating (Satter, 2007). Distorted eating mainly arises from disordered eating that involves disturbed eating as well as unhealthy eating patterns. Such kinds of eating include eating habits such as restrictive eating, skipping meals, or even compulsive eating (Heartherton, Nichols & Mahamedi, Keel, 1995). Weight Watchers, which a lot of people hype as the finest of the diet centers because of its dependence on real, unmarked food as well as flexible menu options, does not help people in understanding and knowing about the inner competence on eating. This comes down to the issue of trust against control, according to the nutritionist Ellyn Satter, who takes care of â€Å"dieting casualties† in her practice. She reckons that people require learning to believe that they will get filled, even on food they think as highly desirable, and recognize that they can reliably control their own food intake, instead of depending on exterior rules to control those choices. â€Å"Weight Watchers is good at easing up food choices, teaching people how to eat carefully, and encouraging them to add to the diversity of food in their diet,† states Satter. â€Å"But it is still essentially a control stance they apply† (Satter, 2007, p. 56). When people rely on exterior ruleranges, and diet cops to control their eating, their association to food remains delicate. There are four factors that make up eating competence. One such factor is having a good attitude towards food and eating. This involves enjoying the food and not feeling guilty about the food or the enjoyment.  The increase of disordered eating has persisted in relation to behaviours and attitudes expressed at an early age. Studies of youthful girls disclose that a range of emotional and physical risk factors forecast later disordered eating. They include high levels of adverse emotionality, body discontent, and early age of menarche. In addition to emotional and physical factors, it has been advocated that certain situations or cultural climates intensify the risk of eating disorders, mainly in individuals who display the aforesaid risk factors. Some investigators have recognized college as an environmental risk aspect for eating disorder.  

Computer Communications & Networks Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Computer Communications & Networks - Lab Report Example The paper tells that the approach for accessing X stream from a remote location encompasses Open System Interconnection (OSI) as well as the TCP/IP model. There are many methods, procedures, technologies and processes that are associated with each layer of these two OSI models. However, in order to explain the connectivity of X stream from a remote location or home, we will align findings with the TCP/IP OSI model. The TCP/IP model is not completely aligned with the OSI model. Unfortunately, there is no existence of an agreement associated with the description of the TCP/IP model. Usually, it is considered and agreed that the TCP/IP model has less layers than the OSI model i.e. The application layer incorporates protocols including FTP, SMTP, Telnet etc. These application layer protocols send data to the next layer i.e. transport layer. The transport layer than constructs the header and data to send it via Transmission control Protocol (TCP) or User Data gram Protocol (UDP). Likewise , the network layer assigns the IP address and delivers the packet to the required Ethernet present at the network access layer. After discussing the layers of the TCP/IP Model, the researcher will discuss protocol layering on these layers in order to explain the access mechanisms that are carried out when a home user wants to access the X stream. However, protocol layering is not easy, as it may seem difficult to understand initially. As discussed before, we will demonstrate the connection of X stream from home user via TCP/IP model that works on four layers. These four layers are associated with four types of protocol data units (PDU’s) i.e PDU 1, PDU2, PDU3 and PDU4. Exhibit 2 shows the initiation of a packet from the application layer i.e. layer four. Exhibit 2 Image retrieved from (James F. Curose & Keith W. Ross, 2000) Likewise, layer four creates a message M and is considered to be PDU 4, as it is associated with the highest layer. The message M incorporates several pa rameters that are modified and customized by the application itself. Parameters may include sender name, type of the message and related data. The home computer passes the data of the complete message M to the layer three of the protocol stack. The exhibit 2 shows layer three that is the home computer breaks the PDU 4 in to two parts i.e. M1 and M2. Likewise, the layer three is the home computer that combines with M1 and M2 which are called headers for developing PDU 3 in to two separate layers. Likewise, headers holds the additional information that is required by sender and the receiver on layer three to deploy the service from layer three to layer four. Accordingly, the process continues in the source and adds more headers while travelling through each layer till PDU 1 headers are created. Now PDU 1 is ready to be transmitted from the home computer to the X stream server via physical layer i.e. the physical link. On the other side i.e. X stream network receives PDU 1 and routes t hem to the protocol stack. Likewise, at every layer, the headers representing similar values are removed. Lastly, M is reconstructed from M1 and M2 and router to the X stream application. Network Access Layer Network layers is integrated with physical and data link layer that is responsible for physically connecting the computer with the wired or wireless medium for data transmission from the X stream. There are different types of wired networks available based on different

Cultural and Relationship Values Analysis Essay Example for Free

Cultural and Relationship Values Analysis Essay Baderman Island Resorts has decided that it is a good time to implement a new employee handbook. Please be sure to read this memo in its entirety to understand why the handbook has been changed. Baderman Island Resort continues to grow in popularity and brings all types of travelers to the island. Because of this, the Boardman Management Group thinks that having a well-developed employee handbook will be beneficial for current and future employees. Also, The Boardman Management Group understands how important it is that every employee understand the organization’s specific goals, cultural values. As well as understanding the significance of each member of the organization to providing the finest customer service to our guests. Baderman Island Resorts will be changing to follow a more compliance-based cultural system. Boardman Management Group feels that this change will allow for increased growth, success and profitability. This new system is not meant to discourage the employees from continuing to take the initiative to be self-motivating and to continue to provide quality customer service. The internet blog section will continue to remain so employees can make suggestions and offer ideas. This new handbook will still encourage anindividual-based culture. Employees are responsible for their own job performance and for making sure that they follow the policies and procedures. Although there will indeed be times when a team-based culture will be necessary in order to complete certain duties accurately and successfully. The mission and vision statement for all employees is the quality customer service, an extraordinary vacation experience where the guests’ needs and desires are met above and beyond, and to guarantee the guests will not be disappointed. There has been a change to the mission and vision statement that discusses the future additions and attractions that are the process of developmental stages which will show the future and current guests that the Baderman Island Resort will be the place to visit in the future. The first thing that will be covered in the new employee handbook will be employer rights. This will include health and safety, diversity, affirmative action and due process procedures. There will also be coverage of the employee rights as well. This will include the same items covered in the employer rights. The final use of the employee handbook will be as a training, reference, and compliance tool to help the organization stay organized and focused on the goals and objectives of the company. Employees will be able to stay knowledgeable on the policies and procedures, and to remind the employees of the employer’s responsibilities and their rights. My hope is that this memo has been informative towards the new employee handbook and the direction that Baderman Island Resorts is heading towards. I believe that the new employee handbook will be an excellent tool for the employees to prevent confusion and questions that the employees may have. Employee Handbook for Baderman Island Resort Mission and Vision of Baderman Island Resort The mission and vision statement for all employees is the quality customer service, an extraordinary vacation experience where the guests’ needs and desires are met above and beyond, and to guarantee the guests will not be disappointed. Cultural Values of Baderman Island Resort Baderman Island Resort has the belief that in order to continue to succeed in the current market that the organization will need to become a morecompliance-based culture. To ensure that all laws are followed to make sure that the integrity of the company and employees is followed. Employee Rights Baderman Island Resort is an Equal Opportunity Employer (EEOC). The company’s philosophy is to recognize individual attributes and values that each employee brings to the job with respect and acknowledgement. By recognizing these principles it will allow the company to successfully reach its goals of providing excellent customer services and ultimately corporate profitability. Employer Rights Baderman Island Resort has contracted with an employment law firm to provide legal advice and to handle any employee/employer disputes and EEOC issues. Baderman also has the responsibility to ensure a safe and healthy work place for all employees. However in the event that an employee is injured on the job or becomes ill, workers compensation and FMLA leave are offered as well.

Essay on the Evil in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown -- Young Goodman

The Evil in Young Goodman Brown  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      In my interpretation of the story, I will be discussing three main topics: the beginning conversation with Faith, the devilish character, and Brown’s wife’s meaning in the story.   Young Goodman Brown is about to take a journey like many others before him, across the threshold separating the young unknowing boys and the elderly sages.   This, however, will not be without peril, because aging is a testing process defined by trial and error, and the errors’ prices are sometimes significant.   This errand he is undertaking has an evil purpose.   It seems as though this night has been foreseen long ago by both Faith and Goodman Brown.   The wife begs him that, of all nights, he should stay this one home because she senses trouble.   The purpose of the journey is not discussed, because it is the passage b... ...; The last paragraph of the story indicates that this was not just a journey to mature, because he died like a heathen, away from the religious community.   He strayed his faith and he was punished for this.   Gloom is a big part of this story, symbolizing the forest, unknown, and evil.   The fact that every person in Salem, sinful or pious, was present in the forest can reflect some humor.   They act as zombies by night, and normal people by day, pretending one faith in the gloom, and returning to church at dawn.        

Distinction between Microeconomics and Macroeconomics Essay

Microeconomics is the study of individual economic units of an economy whereas macroeconomics is the study of aggregates of an economy as a whole. For example, when we study of an individual sugar mill manufacturing sugar, our study is micro analysis but if we study the entire sugar manufacturing sector of the economy, our study is macro analysis. Also please note if we study the problem of production of a firm, our analysis is micro study but if we study the problems of production of the whole economy, our analysis is macro study. Both Microeconomics and Macroeconomics are inter-dependent and complementary. The main difference between the Microeconomics and Macroeconomics are as follows: Microeconomics Macroeconomics 1. It is the study of individual economic units of an economy It is the study of economy as a whole and its aggregates. 2. It deals with individual income, individual prices and individual output, etc. It deals with aggregates like national income, general price level and national output, etc. 3. Its Central problem is price determination and allocation of resources. Its central problem is determination of level of income and employment. 4. Its main tools are demand and suply of a particular commodity/factor. Its main tools are aggregate demand and aggregate supply of economy as a whole. 5. It helps to solve the central problem of what, how and for whom to produce in the economy It helps to solve the central problem of full employment of resources in the economy. 6. It discusses how equilibrium of a consumer, a producer or an industry is attained. It is concerned with the determination of equilibrium level of incoem and employment of the economy. 7. Price is the main determinant of microeconomic problems. Income is the major determinant of macroeconomic problems. 8. Examples are: individual income, individual savings, price determination of a commodity, individual firm’s output, consumer’s equilibrium. Examples  are: National income, national savings, general price level, aggregate demand, aggregate supply, poverty, unemployment etc.

Elie Wiesel: a survivor of the Holocaust Essay

As a survivor of the inhumane, annihilating Holocaust, Elie Wiesel once said, â€Å"Having survived by chance, I was duty–bound to give meaning to my survival.†(â€Å"Having Survived†1). Elie Wiesel did not know at the time that he had a reason for surviving this tragedy, but soon realized that he survived to offer a story and message about the horrors of that time to a world that often seemed to block it out completely and forget (â€Å"Having Survived†1).To spread his message to the world, which is one of peace, redemption, and human nobleness, Wiesel speaks all over the world as a public orator. (â€Å"Elie Wiesel† 3). Elie Wiesel, an influential speaker and writer of the 1940s to present times, helped to render a further understanding of the abomination of The Holocaust through eloquence and deep thought, elaborate actions, and most of all, his strong traditional values. Elie Wiesel, a strong, courageous man, was subject to onerous acts in his childhood, yet in his present day, he discusses topics, such as hatred, all around the world with teenagers and adults(â€Å"Having Survived† 1). Born in Sighet, Transylvania on September 30, 1928, Wiesel lived an unexampled childhood(Berenbaum 2). In a lecture, he once said, â€Å"When human lives are endangered, when human dignity is in jeopardy.. Wherever men or women are persecuted because of their race, religion or political views, that place must–at the moment– become the center of the universe†(â€Å"Having Survived† 4). This quote symbolizes Wiesel’s view of the treacherous Holocaust, an event that changed mankind(â€Å"Having Survived† 4). As conditions of living began to change around Europe, 15 year old Wiesel’s life took a 360 degree turn for the worse when he and his family were taken to one of the many concentration camps set up by the NAZI leaders, at Birkenau and Auschwitz(Berenbaum 2). Wiesel was kept at this camp until January 1945, when at that point, he was sent with thousands of other Jewish prisoners to Buchenwald in a forced death march which was designed to kill the remaining prisoners, but ended up getting saved by the Allies(Berenbaum 2). When the war finally ended, Wiesel decided to go to secondary school in France and broaden his skills, where he studied journalism and began working for an Israeli newspaper, which helped him develop the expressiveness he has today(Berenbaum 2). Determined to get his message to the world, Wiesel began to write books about his experiences, such as his most famous work, Night, which is known today as one of the most  influential books of Holocaust literature(â €Å"Elie Wiesel†2). In this novel, Wiesel used his own experiences and memories while imprisoned to bring to life another character(â€Å"Elie Wiesel† 2). This character was a vehicle for Wiesel to express his feelings of sadness and despair because he survived, when others did not(â€Å"Elie Wiesel† 2). After the fame of his novel, Wiesel became a professor of humanities at Boston University in 1976, and began to speak to students about the struggles our world overcame(â€Å"Having Survived† 3). In a class, he once wisely said, â€Å"Without memory, there is no culture. Without memory, there would be no civilization, no society, no future† (â€Å"Without memory† 1). Wiesel wanted to stress the idea that without memory of what happened before, the future is doomed to make the same mistakes; accordingly, Wiesel was educated in sacred Jewish texts as a child, which he spoke about often(Berenbaum 2). When Wiesel began to travel and speak to keep the memories of his experi ences relevant, he became recognized worldwide and in 1986, became a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize for his work and speech on behalf of victims, families and people everywhere(â€Å"Having Survived† 4). Wiesel used the money from the Nobel Prize to found the Elie Wiesel Foundations for Humanity in the late 80s and early 90s(â€Å"Having Survived† 4). His foundation sponsors essay contests for college and high school students and gathers well-known people together from all over the world as one to discuss and debate many different kinds of topics such as prejudice and bias(â€Å"Having Survived 4†). Even today, Wiesel continues to travel in his old age and speak out against brutality and injustice, he has written over three dozen books(and has been the subject of at least two dozen), but even after he leaves this world his legacy will live on as being truly strong and brave(â€Å"Having Survived† 4). Wiesel originally represented just one of the victims of the problem our world faced in the 1930’s to 40’s(Koestler-Grack timeline). During this time, the people of Sighet, Transylvania happened to be improvident to what was occurring in the world. In a lecture, Elie Wiesel stated, â€Å"There may be times when we are powerless to prevent injustice, but there must never be a time when we fail to protest,† which is ultimately what the people of this time were going to be forced to do(â€Å"There may† 1). This problem served as a major political issue, though the results were social. When Hitler rose to power in 1933, nobody knew or even thought that his dictatorship would lead to the deaths of over  fifty million people(â€Å"When Adolf† 1). In 1939, Germany sparked World War II with the invasion of Poland, and Hitler developed his desire for power(Koestler-Grack timeline). His â€Å"ethnic cleansings,† also known as genocide, led to what we know as â€Å"The Holocaust,† which occurred between 1933-1945(â€Å"Having Survived† 2). With the help of Hitler’s Nazi association, Germany systematically and slowly murdered millions of innocent people, like Jews and Gypsies(â€Å"Having Survived† 2). The Nazis’ overall plan was to take control of the majority of Europe and wipe out all of the European Jews in existence so he could bring out his new race of all blonde-haired, blue eyed citizens(â€Å"Having Survived†1). In the spring of 1944, the people of Sighet had their lives changed forever with the arrival of Adolf Eichmann to their town(â€Å"Having Survived† 2). Eichmann, the man who made all of the killing happen with his German policy, wrote that Jews in conquered countries could be taken without consent to concentration camps where people who held the title â€Å"enemies of the state† remained hostage and often ended up killed(â€Å"Having Survived† 2). Eichmann had orders from Hitler to extinguish an estimated 600,000 Romanian Jews in six weeks or less(â€Å" Having Survived† 2). By the end of those six weeks, the entire population of 15,000 Jews in Sighet were taken to camps, and Elie Wiesel contributed to that population(â€Å"Having Survived† 2). After surviving the war and the devastation, Elie knew that he had to make his voice heard about the horrors and his experiences; consequently, nobody in the world seemed to want to accept the fact that it had happened.(â€Å"Having Survived† 3). As he travels around the world today, he constantly says, â€Å"No human race is superior; no religious faith is inferior. All collective judgments are wrong. Only racists make them.†(â€Å"No Human† 1). Elie uses his skills as a speaker and orator to make the tragedy and truth known, for he brings out empathy for injustice during the process. As a social activist, through his writing and his speech, Wiesel used his work to solicit for Jews and for all of humanity(â€Å"Berenbaum 3). Wiesel survived, and uses his experiences to make the facts known so we never face a problem like this one again; moreover, his works speak of the need for people to feel compassion and gratitude for other human beings(â€Å"Having Survive d†3). When Wiesel speaks, he constantly says the same thing again and again: There is no compensation for what happened {in The Holocaust}. But at least a certain balance can be established that opposing fear there is hope, hope that when we remember the fear..  our memory becomes a shield for the future  (â€Å"Elie Wiesel† 3). Wiesel firmly believes that the efforts he has made and the efforts that others have made to keep the education of The Holocaust alive will prevent a devastation of that kind from happening again(â€Å"Elie Wiesel† 3). His silence originally broke in the mid 1950s in an interview with Francois Mauriac, who was a novelist(â€Å"Having Survived† 2).While listening to his story, Mauriac felt moved and ultimately urged Wiesel to speak out and tell the world what he had seen and heard(â€Å"Having Survived† 2). Elie Wiesel serves as a major public orator and influential writer(Berenbaum 3). In addition to his writings and speeches regarding the persecution of the Jews, both in the past and in the present, Wiesel has made an effort to speak out on behalf of all races, genders, religions and national origins that have been persecuted(â€Å"Elie Wiesel† 4). As a result and for times yet to come, Wiesel has been quoted saying, â€Å"There I am an optimist. I think it cannot happen again. I think the Holocaust was a unique event, therefore it will remain unique.†(â€Å"Elie Wiesel† 4). In 1978, Wiesel was asked by U.S President Jimmy Carter to be the head of his group that became known as the U.S Holocaust Memorial Council, which met with European officials to find information about other victims, visited concentration camps, and was responsible for the creation of the U.S Holocaust Museum in Washington D.C(â€Å"Having Survived† 4). Elie Wiesel’s words and novels act as a palliative to those who were subject to this historical event, and his words will continue to live on as a reminder in history. Through inspiration and eloquent speech and writing, Elie Wiesel continues to discern the disloyalty and cruelty of The Holocaust. Proudly, Wiesel travels the world giving life lectures, which have impacted and influenced the lives of many. His experiences help America, as an international unit, to prevent events like The Holocaust from repeating. As the years pass, Wiesel ages, yet his legacy will continue throughout the future generations.

William essays

William essays William Randolph Hearst was born on April 29, 1863, in San Francisco, California. He is the only child in his family. Hearsts father was a self-made multimillionaire in the mining industry. One day, Hearsts father asked him what he wanted to do. The young boy answered him and said he wanted to take over the San Francisco Examiner. His father was puzzled because Hearst could have anything in the family empire and he decided to take over the family paper business. The San Francisco Examiner, at the time was not doing too well. He had full control of the paper at the age of 23. William Randolph Hearst took over and changed the whole newspaper business. William Hearst was hungry for power. He controlled the lives of many celebrities. William Hearst was not a follower. He set his own rules and pioneered the way much newspaper is written today. His inspiration started at a very young age. A man named Joseph Pulitzer inspired Hearst. He wanted to monopolize the newspaper industry. The only way he could do this is to recruit the best journalists available. The list included Ambrose Bierce, Stephen Crane, Mark Twain, Jack London and Richard Harding. He knew that if he hired these men to work for him, he would have the greatest newspaper in the world. Hearst was not a very kind human being. There was a long time rumor that William Hearst was a very prejudice man. Unlike Henry Luce, he personally hated minorities. The newspaper was a powerful weapon to express his racial feelings towards many minorities. Luce wanted to help others by informing them of real news. William Hearst had many articles on how he thought Mexicans were lazy. He wanted to create an image that they were violent and used marijuana regularly. In his book, the author, David Nasaw states that Newspapers were his personal playthings, to be milked for money and to pound home to readers his brand of politics. Hearst uses his newspaper empire to get...

Saving Private Ryan Essay

Saving Private Ryan Essay Saving Private Ryan Essay Saving Private Ryan EssayThe first paragraph of a Saving Private Ryan essay should spell out the main purpose or thesis behind the essay. To do this you should familiarize yourself with the original source by:Reading in and around the textReading of literary reviewsBy watching the film a few times. Once you are familiar with the source, brainstorm before asking yourself the following questions and writing the outline of your essay:According to you is Saving Private Ryan all about exposing the ugly face of war-instead of glorifying it?Do you think there is a very real misrepresentation of life due to the fact that the role that women played in the war has been entirely ignored?Is the theme of Saving Private Ryan anti-war or anti-women?Your Saving Private Ryan essay should comment on the fact that this is a film in which Women appear, only very briefly, as mothers, wives, typists (Gans). In that sense does Saving Private Ryan give an accurate picture of the Second World War in whic h the pivotal role of women has long been recognized? (It is a well known fact that women took over the day to day running of the country at a time when most of the men were away at war)-so does Saving Private Ryan give a faulty view that implies that men were largely responsible for saving our country and that women had a very limited role to play as housewives and typists?Your Saving Private Ryan essay should also draw attention to the fact that Graham is trying to show us what the frontlines of war are really like; as he focuses on the slaughter and mayhem of the D-Day landing on Omaha Beach and we witness horrific scenes of a soldier picking up his own arm, an injured soldiers guts spilling out, or a legless soldier trying to crawl with the help of his arms.Graham does not spare the viewers the horrors of war but in the process feminists feel that he is passing a comment on the insignificance of women by keeping completely silent about their role Women are virtually absent from Private Ryan, and they appear only in a soft-focus montage of breasts and lapping waves (Goldstein). These are some of the aspects your Saving Private Ryan essay can touch on.

Unit 6 Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 6 Discussion - Essay Example He compares General Motors to Volkswagen, the company which increased their investment in Audi and received a significant increase in their revenue (Rosevear, 2012). This is the best route for GM to take if it plans to reestablish itself amongst the world’s elite companies. Production of Cadillac may be a lucrative investment but the company already has made some other important investments that can be successful in the nearest future. This is a major challenge to the investment manager since he cannot stop an investment that is already earning the company millions. The investment is tested and, therefore, has an edge over the new one. The existing investments will, therefore, get more funds allocated to them in terms of capital. Maybe, the company has to make a painstaking anlysis to figure out what investments are the best and whatare not effective for the company. It is the only way the best investment decisions can be made. Rosevear, J. (2012). Why cadillac is crucial to GMs revival (GM). Stock Investing Advice: Stock Research. Retrieved from

Biotechnology Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Biotechnology Company - Essay Example The company has a goal of setting up a plant for large-scale production of the bacteria that can degrade polystyrene. Of course, this goal will be achieved after the company has been registered. The second step will entail convincing investors to have faith in the company and its founders. The aim is to commence production on a small scale in order to get the attention of governments and environmental agencies. In future, the organisation expects to expand its services to major states in the United States of America. The aim of the organization is to rid the world of non-biodegradable compounds that comprise the quality of the environment. Therefore, the company has plans to carry with research on additional ways to use chemistry and biological principles to fight pollution. The research will be carried in collaboration with learning institutions. The partnership with higher learning institutions will give the company opportunity to discover the best talents. The discovery of new talents is paramount to the continued innovation of new ways to fight pollution. It will revolutionize the world of science by groundbreaking innovations that will change human life on earth for the

Put the best subject you fell its good Research Paper

Put the best subject you fell its good - Research Paper Example Timur claimed to descent from the family of Ghengis Khan towards the 14th century’s end. Benefiting from the chaos in Mongol Transoxania, he laid the foundations of a kingdom in Central Asia. Timur entered Iran in the year 1380 and after taking Baghdad, reduced the power and domination of the Jalayirids in 1393 (Ghasemi, 2015). He captured Bayezid, the Ottoman Sultan, at Ankara in 1402 and after conquering Syria, shifted his focus towards the capaigns to the east of the empire which was in its nascent stages. Timur passed away on an expedition to China in 1405 (Ghasemi, 2015). He had deep interested in the Islamic mysticism known as Sufism. Timur’s legacy destabilized Iran and his ill-assimilated conquests were divided between his sons in such a way that it was impossible to achieve an integrated and strong Timurid Empire. Timurid state evolved into an integrated Iranian Empire during the reign of Shahrokh Shah, Timur’s son. Shahrokh Shah made Herat the home of P ersian philosophy and poetry revival that was linked with an effort to claim the leadership in Sunni ideology’s propagation for an Iranian center. Western Iran was dominated by Turkman after they had replaced the Jalayirids in Azerbaijan. The Safavids were a militant Islamic Sufi order that came from among the Turkish speaking people at Ardabil. Table 1 shows the Safavid Kings from 1502-1736. In the late 13th century, the Safavids survived Timur’s invasion in the west of the Caspian Sea. The Safavids had adopted Shi’ism by 1500 and were all set to use military means to advance Shi’ism. In 1502, Esma’il, Sheikh Heydar’s son, defeated the ruler of Azerbaijan’s army and seized Tabriz and at 15 years old, Esma’il was declared the Shah (Ghasemi, 2015). His descendants were Shah Tahmasp I, Shah Esma’il II, and Shah Mohammad, each of whom expanded the Empire as far as Transoxiana. The control of Safavid Shahs over Iran

Rebound Tenderness in Diagnosis of Appendicitis in Children

Rebound Tenderness in Diagnosis of Appendicitis in Children Abdominal pain is a common presentation within the accident and emergency department [A+E] and specialist nurses working in this environment need to be familiar and confident in dealing with this presentation (Hibberts and Bushell 2007, Pines, Pines, Hall, Hunter, Srinivasan and Ghaemmaghami 2005). Abdominal pain can be associated with a wide variety of surgical and nonsurgical conditions, with the most prevalent cause being acute appendicitis (Lin, Chen, Chung, Ho, and Lin, 2009). The diagnosis of appendicitis is formulated from subjective and objective data including a patients history, abdominal examination, laboratory investigations and signs and symptoms. This assignment will critically analyse the clinical skill of testing for rebound tenderness and its relevance to diagnosing appendicitis in children. The clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children is difficult for many practitioners (Broek, Ende, Bijnen, Breslau and Alkmaar, 2004). Between the years 2008 and 2009 the number of patients presenting to A+E within the UK who were diagnosed with appendicitis was 44,244 (NHS Information Centre, 2009). This equates to almost 0.3% of all presentations in A+E over one year. Approximately 9,300 of this population were between the ages of 0 and 14 years old (NHS Information Centre, 2009). However up to 25% of these 9,300 children with suspected appendicitis have a normal appendix at operation (Smink, Finkelstein, Garcia-Pena, Shannon, Taylor, and Fishman, 2004). Furthermore, the 25% of paediatric negative appendectomies now result in considerable clinical and economic costs to the NHS (Koepsell, 2002). These substantial figures are one of the primary reasons for specifying this assignment on children. In addition, the scope of practice within A+E covers paediatrics for many adult q ualified nurses and adult trained nurse practitioners. It is therefore imperative that the knowledge base for all A+E staff encompasses paediatrics at an advanced level as well (Cleaver, 2003). The overall accuracy for the clinical examination in diagnosing acute appendicitis has been reported to be between 54% and 70% in children (Birkhahn, Briggs, Datillo, Van Deusen and Gaeta, 2006). In addition Whisker, Luke, Hendrickse, Bowley and Lander (2009) suggest that only 4% of children have a miss-diagnosis of appendicitis in specialist paediatric centres, compared to 20% in district general hospitals. Despite the uncertainty of the diagnosis and the cost of miss-diagnosis to the NHS, appendicitis requires urgent treatment (Williams, et al., 2009). This is due to the risk of perforation, which occurs in approximately one third of cases in children (Neilson, et al., 1990). Therefore the need for a good clinical assessment at first contact in A+E is needed to provide a correct management plan and reduce on costs for the NHS. An abdominal examination should be performed where possible in a warm, well lit room with the patient well-draped and relaxed (Bickley, 2009). Initially the practitioner should undertake inspection, auscultation and percussion of the whole nine sections of the abdomen (Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2008). The final aspect of the abdominal examination should be palpation as this has the potential to be the most painful (Allan, 2008). Palpation is a process which should always be commenced away from the site of pain, as this will allow the patient to gain some reassurance from the practitioner and help them to relax (Bickley, 2009, Hibberts and Bushell, 2007). The practitioner should utilise the palmer surfaces of the fingers to identify any abnormal signs (Bickley, 2009). More specific palpation techniques can help to diagnose appendicitis, such as rebound tenderness (Bickley, 2009). This is performed by pressing slowly and firmly to a specific area and then withdrawing them quickly (Bickley, 2009). Practitioners should observe the patient and ask if pain was worse on pressing or letting go (Hibberts and Bushell, 2007). However, Bickley (2009) suggests that if any of the previous examinations such as light or deep palpation are positive then this should not be undertaken as it will cause undue pain for the patient. The whole process of abdominal examination in children follows the same system as in adults. However, the causes of abdominal pain in children are often different, encompassing a broad range of acute and chronic diseases (Bickley, 2009). Therefore it maybe pertinent to suggest that more emphasis should be placed special techniques such as checking for rebound tenderness rather than abdominal palpation and testing for rebound. The initial discovery and accreditation of rebound tenderness (also known as Blumbergs sign) is credited to a German surgeon called Jacob Moritz Blumberg (1873 1955). Many articles make reference to Blumbergs sign; however there appears to be no relevant literature, research or evidence base to support this surgeon was the gentleman who discovered this sign (Mantzaris, Anastassopoulos, Adamopoulos and Gardikis, 2008). A study undertaken by (Williams, et al., 2009) showed that out of 98 children who had acute appendicitis 91% had right lower quadrant tenderness on palpation however only 30% had rebound tenderness. Another study by Lin, Chen, Chung, Ho, and Lin (2009) also suggested that 43.4% of the 53 children examined with appendicitis had rebound tenderness. So both these studies suggest that positive rebound tenderness is an indication of an acute appendicitis in children and therefore cannot be ruled out of an initial differential diagnosis. Golledge, Toms, Franklin, Scriven and Galland (1996) specifically evaluated the â€Å"cats eye symptom† (pain going over a bump in the road), the cough sign, right lower quadrant pain to percussion, rebound tenderness and guarding. The data from this evaluation suggested that rebound tenderness had a likelihood ratio of 7.4 compared to the other signs which had likelihood ratios of between 1.1 and 4.1. This data therefore suggests that rebound tenderness is a very useful sign in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis, but that the other signs and symptoms are not (Moyer, et al., 2001). Overall rebound tenderness is useful sign for diagnosing appendicitis when there is a high suspicion of appendicitis and is accompanied with other diagnostic indicators (Moyer, et al., 2001). Another presentation to be considered in relation to abdominal pain and rebound tenderness is the duration of the pain experienced by the child. A study undertaken by Oshea, Bishop, Alario and Cooper (1988) involved 246 children from 13 to 18 years old who presented to the emergency department with a history of less than one week of abdominal pain. Results showed that the likelihood ratio of pain was greater when the child had the pain for more than 12 hours (Likelihood ratio: 1.3) compared to less than 12 hours (Likelihood ratio: 0.64). Later in the study pain duration was evaluated at less than 24 hours and more than 24 hours, with their likelihood ratios being 0.83 and 1.2 respectively. When compared to Andersson, et al. (1999) study of 502 patients aged 10 to 86 the greatest likelihood ratio was 1.7 at 7-12 hours after onset of pain. Based on both studies it is very difficult to see how duration of pain can lead to the diagnosis of appendicitis. Therefore, practitioners must not allow the duration of pain to prevent any further investigation into the diagnosis (Moyer, et al., 2001). Another symptom which could possibly indicate the diagnosis of appendicitis is fever (Gwynn, 2001). Cardall, Glasser and Gusss (2004) study evaluated two hundred and ninety three people aged between 7 and 75 who presented to the emergency department with suspected appendicitis. Temperatures were classed at greater than 99oF or less than 99oF. The study showed that 27% of patients whos temperature was 99oF. When the results were analysed in terms of specific temperature intervals, the highest likelihood ratio (3.18) was found in patients with temperatures greater than 102  °F. However, Bergerons (2006) study on clinical judgement suggests there is no clinical value with temperature as there is minimal sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of appendicitis. Therefore, as with duration of pain duration and levels of WBCC, temperature as a single entity has little diagnostic utility in the diagnosis of appendicitis unless it is combined with other signs and symptoms such as rebou nd tenderness (Cardall, Glasser and Guss, 2004). For many years laboratory tests such as white blood cell count (WBCC) leukocytes and C-reactive protein (CRP) have been used to support a diagnosis, but the considerable overlap with other inflammatory conditions accounts for the low specificity and positive predictive value of these tests (Stefanutti, Ghirardo and Gamba, 2007). Recent studies on adult patients who present with clinical signs and symptoms indicating acute appendicitis, show that appendicitis can be excluded if both leukocyte count and C-reactive protein value are normal (Gronroos, 2001). However, Stefanutti, Ghirardo and Gamba, (2007) suggest that only a few studies have been reported in paediatric patients and the role of WBCC and CRP in excluding acute appendicitis in children has not been confirmed. According to Andersson et al. (1999) children who present with signs and symptoms of appendicitis such as rebound tenderness and have a WBCC of 15000 only moderately increases the estimated risk of appendicitis. This t herefore shows that only at the extremes of the WBCC does this diagnostic indicator appear useful (Moyer, et al., 2001). Therefore, contrary to adult patients, normal leukocyte count, WBCC and CRP value cannot effectively exclude acute appendicitis in children. Another usual predictor of appendicitis is vomiting (Bergeron, Richer, Gharib and Giard, 1999). The study by Andersson et al. (1999) calculated the likelihood ratio for appendicitis in a patient with vomiting compared to one with no vomiting to be 1.8. In addition Reynolds and Jaffe (1992) study suggests that a combination of four predictors including; vomiting right lower quadrant pain, abdominal tenderness, and abdominal guarding. More specifically 97% of the 377 children studied who were diagnosed with appendicitis had two or more of these predictors. Therefore, a patient who presents to A+E with less than two of the above predictors is quite unlikely to have appendicitis. Alvarado (1986) conducted a retrospective study of 305 patients hospitalised with abdominal pain suggestive of acute appendicitis. Signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings were analysed for specificity, sensitivity, predictive value, and joint probability.Their importance, according to their diagnostic weight, was determined as follows: localized tenderness in the right lower quadrant, leukocytosis, migration of pain, shift to the left, temperature elevation, nausea-vomiting, anorexia-acetone, and direct rebound pain (Alvarado, 1986). This scoring system shown below is deemed by many surgeons as an easy aid for supporting the diagnosis of acute appendicitis (Khan and Rehman, 2005). A study undertaken by Baidya, Rodrigues, Rao and Khan (2007) investigated the diagnostic accuracy of Alvarado scoring system. The results showed that a score of >7 for an appendicitis was 88.2% correct in diagnosis. However, the diagnostic accuracy of an Alvarado score Despite recent advances in knowledge and diagnostic investigations, a population-based analysis in the United States found that the incidence of unnecessary appendectomy has not changed (Flum, Morris and Koepsell, 2001). Therefore to increase diagnostic accuracy, new modalities such as ultrasound scans have been introduced (Broek, Ende, Bijnen, Breslau and Alkmaar, 2004). Kaneko and Tsuda (2004) conducted a 10-year study using ultrasound scans to diagnose appendicitis in children and are convinced that ultrasound scans can identify inflamed appendices with 100% sensitivity and can also determine the severity as well. However Smink, Finkelstein, Garcia-Pena, Shannon, Taylor and Fishman (2004) suggest that the use of ultrasound has not decreased negative appendectomies as similar negative rates were present over a decade ago. Therefore on the basis of the available evidence, patients presenting to A+E with a strong clinical case of appendicitis should be referred direct to the surgeon without an ultrasound. In addition to the use of ultrasound scanning the use of computed tomography (CT) has been recently studied and evaluated. There are currently two perspectives in the literature regarding the use of CT scan for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis: one supporting its routine use due to the decreased incidence of negative appendectomies, and the other one against its routine use due to the increased cost and delay in surgical management (Ceydel, Lavotshkin, Yu and Wise, 2006). In addition the benefits of imaging eliminating inpatient observation and unnecessary surgery must be weighed against the malignancy risk from radiation, as well as discomfort of rectal contrast administration (Smink, Finkelstein, Garcia-Pena, Shannon, Taylor and Fishman, 2004). Ceydel, Lavotshkin, Yu and Wises (2006) retrospective study showed that the negative appendectomy rate was much less in patients who had CT scans (7.6%) compared to the non CT scan group (24%). Therefore clinicians within A+E use their cl inical judgement and place emphasis on the importance of routine history and an accurate physical examination utilising CT scans for atypical cases of acute appendicitis (Gwynn, 2001). Currently within the A+E department there is no specific pathway or tool for ruling in acute appendicitis in paediatrics. In addition Birkhahn, Briggs, Datillo, Van Deusen and Gaeta (2006) suggest that no major medical association or professional organisation currently endorses a standardised pathway for the evaluation of patients with suspected appendicitis. With up to 25 % of children having negative appendectomies it is therefore of clinical and financial value to consider the use of a scoring system to admit or discharge children who present with a possible acute appendicitis. Current systems are in place for other potential conditions such as myocardial infarctions, pancreatitis and pneumonia. These other systems have been audited locally and nationally and are currently working well within the trust, therefore the plans to introduce the Alvarado scoring system will be put forward in the next review of clinical practice meeting between nursing and medical staff. To conclude, this assignment demonstrates that for an emergency department practitioner in a fast paced A+E setting, the accurate diagnosis of acute appendicitis remains a challenge for the paediatric age group. An accurate history and physical examination, which as highlighted can be challenge in younger patients plays an important role in the diagnosis of early acute appendicitis (Mallick, 2008). Physical clinical signs elicited upon examination provide the practitioner with a good insight to expected diagnosis. However, the usefulness of rebound tenderness as a single examination has minimal clinical value. The whole patient picture which encompasses an accurate history, clinical examination, laboratory investigations and possible diagnostic imaging is therefore vital to providing a correct diagnosis. The use of clinical scoring systems like the Alvarado score can be a cheap and quick tool to apply in emergency departments to rule in acute appendicitis. This scoring system includes many aspects such as clinical history, rebound tenderness and laboratory investigations. This allows for observation and critical re-evaluation of the evolving clinical picture. Its application improves the overall diagnostic accuracy and consequently reduces negative appendectomies (Khan and Rehman, 2005). In clinical cases where the practitioner is unsure if the actual diagnosis is acute appendicitis other diagnostic imaging studies such as ultrasound and CT may be undertaken. This must only then be considered once a thorough clinical examination has not provided any indication for acute appendicitis and the benefits out way the risks. References NHS Information Centre. (2009). Primary diagnosis: summary. Retrieved November 21, 2009, from Hospital Episode Online: http://www.hesonline.nhs.uk/Ease/servlet/ContentServer?siteID=1937categoryID=202 Allan, B. (2008). History and examination (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Mosby. Alvarado, A. (1986). A practical score for the early diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 15 (5), 557-564. Andersson, R., Hugander, A., Ghazi, S., Ravn, H., Offenbartl, S., Nystrà ¶m, P., et al. (1999). Diagnostic value of disease history, clinical presentation, and inflammatory parameters of appendicitis. World Journal of Surgery, 23 (2), 133-40. Baidya, N., Rodrigues, G., Rao, A., Khan, S. (2007). Internet Scientific Publications. Retrieved December 22, 2009, from The Internet Journal of Surgery: http://www.ispub.com/journal/the_internet_journal_of_surgery/volume_9_number_1/article_printable/evaluation_of_alvarado_score_in_acute_appendicitis_a_prospective_study.html Bergeron, E. (2006). Clinical judgment remains of great value in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Canadian Journal of Surgery, 49 (2), 96-100. Bergeron, E., Richer, B., Gharib, R., Giard, A. (1999). Appendicitis is a place for clinical judgment. American Journal of Surgery, 177, 460 462. Bickley, L. (2009). Bates Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking (10th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health / Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Birkhahn, R., Briggs, M., Datillo, P., Van Deusen, S., Gaeta, T. (2006). Classifying patients suspected of appendicitis with regard to likelihood. The American Journal of Surgery, 191, 497-502. Broek, W., Ende, E., Bijnen, A., Breslau, P., Alkmaar, D. (2004). Which children could benefit from additional diagnostic tools in cases of suspected appendicitis? Journal of Paediatric Surgery, 39 (4), 570-574. Cardall, T., Glasser, J., Guss, D. (2004). Clinical value of the total white blood cell count and temperature in the evaluation of patients with suspected appendicitis. Academic Emergency Medicine, 11 (10), 1021-1027. Ceydel, A., Lavotshkin, S., Yu, J., Wise, L. (2006). When should we order a CT scan and when should we rely on the results to diagnose an acute appendicitis? Current Surgery, 63 (6), 464-468. Cleaver, K. (2003). Developing expertise the contribution of paediatric accident and emergency nurses to the care of children, and the implications for their continuing professional development. Accident and Emergency Nursing, 11, 96 102. Flum, D., Morris, A., Koepsell, T. (2001). Has misdiagnosis of appendicitis decreased over time? A population-based analysis. Journal of the American Medical Association, 286, 1748-1753. Golledge, J., Toms, A., Franklin, I., Scriven, M., Galland, R. (1996). Assessment of peritonism in appendicitis. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons England, 78, 11-14. Gronroos, J. (2001). Do normal leukocyte count and C-reactive protein value exclude acute appendicitis in children? Acute Paediatrics, 90, 649- 651. Gwynn, L. (2001). The diagnosis of acute appendicitis: Clinical assessment versus computed tomography evaluation. The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 21 (2), 119-123. Hibberts, F., Bushell, C. (2007). Physical assessment in gastroenterology abdominal examination. Gastrointestinal Nursing, 5 (7), 24 30. Kalan, M., Talbot, D., Cunliffe, W., Rich, A. (1994). Evaluation of the modified Alvarado score in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis: a prospective study. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons, 76, 418-419. Kaneko, K., Tsuda, M. (2004). Ultrasound-based decision making in the treatment of acute appendicitis in children. Journal of Paediatric Surgery, 39 (9), 1316-1320. Khan, I., Rehman, A. (2005). Application of Alvarado scoring system in diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad Pakistan, 17 (3), 17-21. Koepsell, F. (2002). The clinical and economic correlates of misdiagnosed appendicitis: Nationwide analysis. Archives of Surgery, 137, 799-804. Lin, C., Chen, J., Chung, T., Ho, Y., Lin, W. (2009). Children presenting at the emergency department with right lower quadrant pain. Journal of Medical Science, 25, 1-9. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. (2008). Assessment made incredibly easy Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health / Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Malik, K., Khan, A., Waheed, I. (2000). Evaluation of the Alvarado score in diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Journal of College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, 10, 392-394. Mallick, M. (2008). Appendicitis in pre-school children: A continuing clinical challenge: A retrospective study. International Journal of Surgery, 6, 371-373. Mantzaris, D., Anastassopoulos, G., Adamopoulos, A., Gardikis, S. (2008). A non-symbolic implementation of abdominal pain estimation in childhood. Information Sciences, 178, 3860-3866. Moyer, V., Elliott, E., Davis, R., Gilbert, R., Klassen, T., Logan, S., et al. (2001). Evidence Based Paediatrics and Child Health. London: BMJ Books. Neilson, I., Laberge, J., Nguyen, L., Moir, C., Doody, D., Sonnino, R., et al. (1990). Appendicitis in children: Current therapeutic recommendations. Journal of Paediatric Surgery, 25 (11), 1113-1116. Oshea, J., Bishop, M., Alario, A., Cooper, J. (1988). Diagnosing appendicitis in children with acute abdominal pain. Paediatric Emergency Care, 4, 172-176. Owe, T., Williams, H., Stiff, G., Jenkinson, L., Rees, B. (1992). Evaluation of the Alvarado score in acute appendicitis. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 85, 87-88. Pines, J., Pines, L., Hall, A., Hunter, J., Srinivasan, R., Ghaemmaghami, C. (2005). The interrater variation of ED abdominal examination findings in patients with acute abdominal pain. American Journal of Emergency Medicine (23), 483-487. Rehman, I., Burki, T. (2003). Alvarado scoring system in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children. Journal of Medical Sciences, 11, 37-41. Reynolds, S., Jaffe, D. (1992). Diagnosing abdominal pain in a paediatric emergency department. Paediatric emergency care, 8, 126-128. Smink, D., Finkelstein, J., Garcia-Pena, B., Shannon, M., Taylor, G., Fishman, S. (2004). Diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children using a clinical practice guideline. Journal of Paediatric surgery, 39, 458-463. Stefanutti, G., Ghirardo, V., Gamba, P. (2007). Inflammatory markers for acute appendicitis in children: are they helpful? Journal of Paediatric Surgery, 42, 773-776. Whisker, L., Luke, D., Hendrickse, C., Bowley, D., Lander, A. (2009). Appendicitis in children: A comparative study between a specialist paediatric centre and a district general hospital. Journal of Paediatric Surgery, 44, 362-367. Williams, R., Blakely, M., Fischer, P., Streck, C., Dassinger, M., Gupta, H., et al. (2009). Diagnosing ruptured appendicitis preoperatively in paediatric patients. Journal of American College of Surgeons, 208 (5), 819 825.

net bans :: essays research papers

In July of 1995, Florida put into effect a new law banning the use of gill nets in all inshore water of Florida. The law contained two significant provisions: 1) some non-gill nets would be allowed, but maximum size would now be limited to 500 square feet; and 2) unemployment compensation would be available to affected netters through a 20 million dollar fund set aside to purchase the nets that would be made obsolete(Stearns, par.5). This ban on nets has led to a dramatic comeback for a variety of fish species, including the Spanish mackerel and Florida mullet. In the following essay I intend to show the ban laws, what they encompass whom they affected, as well as their reaction. Most importantly, I intend to show the ban has made an overall improvement on Florida's marine environment. Over the past 100 years, Florida has been known for having some of the best recreational fishing as well as marine environments. Locals and tourists alike could pick any given day to spend on the water and return with a wide variety of game fish. Unfortunately, over the past decade this trend has been on the decline. The cause of this decrease in the population of Florida's marine environment as well as in other parts of the world, is the indiscriminate use of the monofilament fishing net (par.2). One of the areas that have seen just how destructive these nets can be, is the Florida Coast. In 1990, commercial gill-netters harvested 26 million pounds of mullet (DeYoung, par.56). In 1994, Florida's became alarmed when the mullet spawning population plummeted to about 15 percent of normal. They also felt the impact this loss of forage food had on game fish. One of the largest causes of this plummet is the lucrative market in the Far East for mullet row, which had almost completely decimated Florida's stock of these fish (Stearns, par.2-3). Due to this large decline, the Florida Marine Fisheries Commission (MFC) placed restrictions on recreational and commercial harvest of mullet. In 1992, recreational fishermen were now limited to fifty fish per boat per day, with no size limit, while commercial fishermen have no "bag limit", but are required to release any mullet under eleven inches in length. The results of the restrictions lowered the harvest on mullet by recreational fishermen from four million to one million pounds. There was a 75 percent reduction in recreational harvest as a result of the FMC's restrictions.